Amabhayisikili kagesi asephenduke indawo entsha ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wokuhamba ngenxa yokusebenziseka kalula kwawo kanye nomklamo wawo onobungani nemvelo. Abantu bawasebenzisa njengendlela entsha yokuhamba kanye nokuthutha amabanga amade namafushane.
Kodwa ibhayisikili lokuqala likagesi lazalwa nini? Ubani owasungula ibhayisikili likagesi futhi ubani olithengisa ngokuthengisa?
Sizophendula le mibuzo ethakazelisayo njengoba sixoxa ngomlando omangalisayo weminyaka ecishe ibe yi-130 wamabhayisikili kagesi. Ngakho-ke, ake singene kuwo ngaphandle kokulibala.
Ngo-2023, cishe amabhayisikili kagesi ayizigidi ezingu-40 azobe esesendleleni. Kodwa-ke, ukuqala kwawo kwakuyisenzakalo esilula futhi esingabalulekile, esisukela ngawo-1880, lapho iYurophu yayithanda amabhayisikili namabhayisikili anamasondo amathathu.
waba ngowokuqala ukwakha ibhayisikili likagesi ngo-1881. Wafaka injini kagesi ebhayisikilini laseBrithani elinamasondo amathathu, waba ngumkhiqizi wokuqala emhlabeni wamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi. Waphumelela emigwaqweni yaseParis ebhayisikilini lamathambo amathathu kagesi, kodwa wehluleka ukuthola ilungelo lobunikazi.
yaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa umqondo wokwengeza amabhethri ku-tricycle kanye nenjini ehambisana nayo. Ukusetha konke kwe-tricycle enenjini kanye nebhethri kwakunzima cishe amakhilogremu angu-300, okwakubhekwa njengokungenakwenzeka. Ngokumangalisayo, le nqola enamasondo amathathu yakwazi ukuhamba amamayela angu-50 ngesivinini esimaphakathi esingu-12 mph, okuhlaba umxhwele kunoma yiziphi izindinganiso.
Intuthuko enkulu elandelayo emabhayisikilini kagesi yafika ngo-1895, lapho kwakhiwa khona injini yangemuva ene-hub mechanism eqondisa ngqo. Eqinisweni, iseyimoto esetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhayisikili kagesi. Wasebenzisa injini exutshwe kahle eyavula indlela yebhayisikili kagesi lesimanje.
yethula injini ye-planetary gear hub motor ngo-1896, yathuthukisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwamabhayisikili kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yasheshisa ibhayisikili le-e amamayela ambalwa. Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, amabhayisikili e-e ahlolwe kanzima, futhi sabona ukwethulwa kwama-motor aphakathi nendawo kanye nama-friction-drive. Kodwa-ke, injini ye-rear hub isibe yinjini eyinhloko yamabhayisikili e-e.
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka alandela kwakunzima ngamabhayisikili kagesi. Ikakhulukazi, iMpi Yezwe II yamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhayisikili kagesi ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwesiyaluyalu kanye nokufika kwezimoto. Kodwa-ke, amabhayisikili kagesi athola impilo entsha ngawo-19030 lapho futhi ahlangana ukukhiqiza amabhayisikili kagesi ukuze asetshenziswe kwezentengiselwano.
Baqala ukuthandwa ngo-1932 lapho bethengisa amabhayisikili abo kagesi. Okulandelayo, abakhiqizi abafana nalaba bangena emakethe yamabhayisikili kagesi ngo-1975 nango-1989 ngokulandelana.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkampani zisasebenzisa amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium kanye ne-lead-acid, okunciphisa kakhulu isivinini kanye nobubanzi bamabhayisikili e-e.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ukusungulwa kwebhethri le-lithium-ion kwavula indlela yebhayisikili kagesi lesimanje. Abakhiqizi banganciphisa kakhulu isisindo samabhayisikili kagesi ngenkathi bekhulisa ububanzi bawo, isivinini kanye nokusebenza ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Kuphinde kuvumele abagibeli ukuthi baphinde bashaje amabhethri abo ekhaya, okwenza amabhayisikili kagesi athandwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-ion enza amabhayisikili kagesi abe lula futhi afanelekele ukuhamba.
Amabhayisikili kagesi enze intuthuko enkulu ngo-1989 ngokwethula ibhayisikili kagesi ngu-.Kamuva, laziwa ngokuthi ibhayisikili kagesi "elisizwa ngama-pedal". Le ndlela ivumela injini yebhayisikili kagesi ukuthi iqale lapho umgibeli eshaya ibhayisikili. Ngakho-ke, ikhulula injini yebhayisikili kagesi kunoma iyiphi i-throttle futhi yenza umklamo ube lula futhi ube lula ukuwusebenzisa.
Ngo-1992, amabhayisikili kagesi asebenzisa ama-pedal-assist aqala ukuthengiswa kwezentengiselwano. Futhi asephenduke ukukhetha okuphephile kwamabhayisikili kagesi futhi manje aseyidizayini evamile cishe kuwo wonke amabhayisikili kagesi.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 nasekuqaleni kwawo-2010, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kagesi nobe-elekthronikhi yasho ukuthi abakhiqizi bamabhayisikili kagesi bangasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-microelectronics emabhayisikilini abo. Bafaka izilawuli zokusiza ngegesi kanye nama-pedal ezibambo. Bafaka nesibonisi esinebhayisikili kagesi esivumela abantu ukuthi baqaphe ibanga, isivinini, impilo yebhethri, nokuningi ukuze bathole ulwazi lokushayela oluphephile nolungcono.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umenzi uhlanganise uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone ukuqapha ibhayisikili le-elekthronikhi ukude. Ngakho-ke, ibhayisikili livikelekile ekwebiweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezahlukene kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwebhayisikili kagesi.
Umlando wamabhayisikili kagesi uyamangalisa ngempela. Eqinisweni, amabhayisikili kagesi ayeyizimoto zokuqala ukusebenza ngamabhethri nokuhamba emgwaqweni ngaphandle kwemisebenzi, ngisho nangaphambi kwezimoto. Namuhla, lokhu kuthuthuka kusho ukuthi amabhayisikili kagesi asephenduke ukukhetha okuyinhloko kokuvikelwa kwemvelo ngokunciphisa igesi nomsindo. Futhi, amabhayisikili kagesi aphephile futhi kulula ukuwagibela futhi abe yindlela yokuhamba ethandwa kakhulu emazweni ahlukene ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo ezimangalisayo.